Footnuts in the feet is a disease that has been developed as a result of damage to nail plates with dermatophytes (up to 96%), less often molds and yeast (about 4%).The infection is most often spreading from the skin of the foot with long-terminal micosome on their feet.Here is the favorable conditions for development - increased humidity and nutrients.Under the influence of pathogens, the structure is disturbed and the color changes the nail panel.Over time, their completely destruction occurs.
Onhomycosis is not just a cosmetic defect, but also a serious illness, which is subject to timely detection and adequate treatment under the supervision of a dermatologist.
Foot mushrooms are recorded in millions of people in the world.About 5% of the total population suffers from an omicomicosis.The most common disease is common in people of 50 - 60 years.Every other person is sick in this age group.The treatment of pathology is difficult for them due to the presence of somatic pathology, mostly vascular and endocrine.Men are sick more often than women.Older people get sick more often than young people.Children rarely suffer, mostly suffer from serious diseases.With AIDS, the disease has an atypical image.
Edicomicosis cauliferous agents
The cause of onyhomyosis on the legs are different types of mushrooms: dermatophytes, yawks or mold mushes separately or in combinations.
- Dermatophytes mushrooms make up to 90% of all ony micromiquites.Represents them with the mushrooms of the genus Trichophyton (most commonly t. rubrum and t.mentagrophytes var. Interdigital).The most commonly on your fingernails is affected by Trichophyton Rubum.Dermatophytes are common in the countries with a moderate climate.
- A yeast-shaped fungus Roda candida onhomycosis is rarely causing her feet.They make up about 3% of all onnicmicoses.Next to Candida Albicana, mushrooms like S. Tropicalis, S. Parapsilosis and S. Guillermondii also cause a disease.
- Most mushrooms are unable to cause nail fungus themselves.Only a few of their species are independent pathogens - these are ScyTalilium Hyalinum and S. Dimidiatum (Nattrassia Magniferee), which are not inferior to the pathogenicity of dermatophys.OciyComicosis on their feet are such molds such as Scopulariopsis BrevicAulis, Aspergillus spp., Pyrenochaeta Unguis-Heinis, Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp.et al.The infection is most often in countries with hot and wet air conditioning - tropics and subtropics.
Epidemiology of the disease
Most onypromicosis is an anthropophilic infection.They are sick and wider infection mostly people.
Dermatophytic mushrooms
The tank and source of dermatophyte fungus is a sick person whose pathogens are transmitted by direct contact or his personal belongings.The infection almost always extends to nails on their feet with feet affected, whose disease is accessed clearly and secretly (deleted forms of mycosis).The risk of infection is repeatedly increasing in the presence of the disease in one of the family members.
Mushrooms are transferred through infected shoes, clothing, files and nails, carpet, bed linen, towel, washing, etc.The transmission of infection occurs when a shared bathroom, in the shower, sauna, pools, gyms and beaches.Contributions to entering mushrooms to their legs walking barefoot in common areas.Pathogens live long on wooden floors and floors.
Yeast mushrooms
Yeast mushrooms Rod Candida are saprophyte flora and always live on the skin of the person.A good immune system is limited by the growth of pathogens.Prolonged intake of antibiotics, contraceptives, glucocorticoids and cords, endocrine pathology (often diabetes melitus) and numerous diseases exhaust the immune system.Explosive mushrooms penetrate the nails from the skin and the mucous membrane of the patient itself or enter the human body with infected products with rich carbohydrates.
Molds
Molds live in the ground.Their disputes fall on products, things and environmental facilities.Nedimatophytes do not spread among people.
Risk factors for disease development
For mushrooms, dermatophytes are characterized by hereditary predisposition, male sex, older, vascular diseases, diabetes melitus, immunodicity, elevated sweating, and presence of other dermatomicosis.
The class of class of class class of gender classes is characterized by increased temperature and humidity, immunodeficiency state, increased blood glucose, nail injuries and non-compliance with personal hygiene rules.
For infects with mold showers, serious immunodeficiency states and nail injuries are characteristic.
In-risk groups
Onykhomicose's risk group includes:
- Persons are constantly using the locks of the rooms, showers, saunas, etc.
- Professional athletes (swimmers, football players, athletes, etc.).
- Military personnel and other groups of people who use ownership shoes.
- Male faces.
- Age is older than 60 years.
Contribution to the development of fungi on their feet:
- Wearing firmly, narrow adjacent shoes.
- Increased sweating or dry legs.
- Injuries and scratches of nails, breasts of feet, uroqued nails, etc.
- Accommodation in a wet and hot climate.
- Walking barefoot in public places.
- The presence of leather diseases in which nail (psoriasis, ichthyosis) is disturbed.
- Diseases such as Melitus, Immunodeficiency State, Circulation Disorders of Lower Lasters, Blood Diseases, Prolonged Input of Corticosteroids, Antibiotics and Cytostatics.
- Genetic predisposition.
Fleet development paths
There are several ways to penetrate mushrooms in nail plate:
- Distal or distal-side (with free or side edge).
- Superficially (directly over nail plate).
- Proximal (subyo -gut).
DISTAL-SIDE PUT OF PENETRATION OF MUSHROOMS
The path of distal or remote landing penetration is characteristic of the trichophyton edge of the mushroom.Pathogens are introduced into a nail plate with free edge (distal) or side regions (side edges).The main inflammatory process occurs in nail bed, where improved cell proliferation occurs.Skin layer on a free-edge of thickening (hypercheralatosis), as a result of nail and peeling plates (onycholiza).
Furthermore, the infection spreads in the direction of the holes and penetrates the nail plate, which is gradually (slowly) destroyed.With the damage of the matrix, the overall dystrophic offychomicosis occurs.
Nailing bed hypercheralatosis was observed in a chronic ekem, psoriasis, nipples, red flat lichens.
Favorable path of mushroom spread
Mushrooms Trichophyton Mentagrophytes var.Interdigital is more aggressive in relation to the horny structures of nail panels from other dermatophytes.They primarily affect the outer part of the nail plate, causing the development of white surface onychomicoza.Mushrooms under the influence of keratin enzymes by perforating layer of layer with drawings, gradually growing all nail plate layers.Mostly affected mainly are 1 and 5 toes.They are those who are subject to the greatest shoe trauma when walking.1 and 4 intermediate fusion intervenes were affected in the disease.
It is believed that the surface form of an omicomicosis can also cause mushrooms-non-humanatophytes: Acremonium spp., Fusarium KIX and some kind of Aspergillus.
Proximal paths for mushroom distribution
There is a third time the mushroom penetration in the nail plate - through a proximal nail roller and nail bed.The defeat begins with a leather in the area of the nail roller, which thickens and prints from the nail surface.Furthermore, the final part of the matrix and nail bed is included in the process, with damage to which furrows, irregularities and cracks appear on the nail.With the penetration of pathogens in the nail plate, the nail over time gives a white opaque color.Fully destruction and loss of nail plate is noticed.It is more common in patients infected with HIV with the expansion of infection through blood vessels.
Features for damage to the mushroom in the form of yeast from the genus Candida
Damage to mushrooms The genus Candida begins with paronics - inflammation of proximal (which is located near the hole) the roller.His edema and thickening are noticed, which leads to the separation of the cuticle from the surface of the plate.Furthermore, mushrooms are freely belonging to a matrix and nail bed, causing, causing the nail from the finger tissue over time.
Features of damage to the incorporation mushroom
Nail damage to mushrooms with Nerherhatatophytes is secondary.Molds (often scytalilium spp.) Placed in already affected nails - cracks, space between shell on nails or deserted vessels.The hypercheralatosis and slow nail slaughter is then developed.
Clinical forms of mikromicosis on feet
There are several forms of ONY micromicosis on the legs:
- Distal-side.
- White superficial.
- Proximally.
- Totally distrophy.
Distal-side submarine onynchychomycosis on their feet
This form of illness is the most common.In most cases, the cause of the onanicomyosis is dermatomicete, especially Trichophyton Rubrum.Pathogens penetrate the nails on the side of the free edge and side edges.Hypercheratosis is done, as a result, the separation of the nail from the finger tissue (onycholiza), loses transparency, acquires a whitish or yellow color, starts to break up.With the development of submarine hypercheratosis, nail plate seems thickening.With the advancement of the disease, the focus of the lesion is spreading towards the hole, as indicated on the occurrence of yellow strips.Over time, the entire nail and matrix plate included in the pathological process, which leads to the dystrophy and destruction over time.
In older people, expressed hypercheralatosis (thickening), onychogrifosis is often noticed (thickening and deformation in the form of pestinal claws) or colonies (concave deformation).Their nails often affect mixed flora - dermatophytes, molds, and even bacteria.
Surface (white) form ofychomycosis on their feet
White surface onychomicosis on your feet is the second largest form of damage.Its cause is mostly trichophyton mentagrofits var.Interdigital, which penetrates the nail plate directly through the upper (pre -Rsal) part, as well as some types of fungi-inektophytes.It mainly affects the nail on the first finger leg, less often - fifth.
On the first, small white spots and straps appear on the surface, which eventually enchant the growing area.Gradually, the color becomes yellow, ocher.The nail area becomes loose, rough, powder, easy jumping.No thickening and separation from the nail bed appear.
A proximal submarine form of micromicose on your legs
This form of mycosis is rarity.He makes up about 3% of all onnicmicosis.The reason are mushrooms in the shape of yeast candida albicans and Trichophyton Rubrum.Nail candidias is preceded by inflammation of the perilogenous roller.Hearing, he acquires red, becomes great.The infection is also built into the final part of the matrix and nail, when it is damaged by furrow, irregularities and cracks on the nail plate, the loss of natural gloss and blur were observed.Gradually, the nail is destroyed, in severe cases disappear.This form of off-legged feet is often found in patients with infected HIV.
Total dystrophic form ofychomicosis on feet
This form ofychomicose is more commonly developed with a long-term current (chronic course) of the disease, whose cause are more common fungus Trichophyton Rubrum and Candida Albicans.At the same time, nail plate, bed and matrix are included in the pathological process.The pronunciation of the nail is happening as a result of the development of the submarine hyperchery.Over time, the nail plate is destroyed, and the new one due to the affected matrix does not grow or not grow bad.
Types of nail plate damage
There are 3 options for onychomicosis:
- Normatorophically.
- Hypertrophic.
- Atrophic.
NORMATROPHIC TYPE ONY MICROMICOSE ON FOGS
With a normotrophic type, the infection is localized in the upper layers of nail plate.Its thickness and color in diseases do not change, but spots and stripes are visible in depth.The nail color varies from white to saturated yellow.After some time of sports and stripes are merged.The area of damage spreads over the entire nail plate, excluding the month.Punching and closing are not observed.Sometimes a slight release of free edge was observed.With adequate treatment, the medicine is possible.
Hypertrophic type ofychomicosis on tops
This type of ony micromicosis is most often.As a result of the development of the hypercheralatosis of the submarine, the nail plate is significantly thickened, deformed and loses shine.Nails become uneven, boring, they procure brownish gray and crushes.The area of the month is not affected.The disease gives patient tangible discomfort.In older patients, the development of Onikchgriffoza - nails are to thicken, extend and bend like bird claws.
Attrophic type of ONY micromicosis on feet
With the atycholitical-type board quickly loses the connection from the nail bed, many empties appear in its layers, fades, becomes thinner and changes color white or yellow-white.The surface remains smooth for a long time.Over time, partial destruction occurs.
Signs and symptoms of the fungus nail
The most common change of nail begins with free (distal) or side (side) edge.
Color change.With an oncommicosis, the color change of nail panel is the first sign of the disease.It becomes opaque, often loses its shine, acquires a white or yellow color, with overlapping the mold mushroom - brown, brown, green, and even black.
Thickening.Increasing the number of horny masses as a result of the development of the hypercheralatosis of submarine leads to a thickening of the nail.
Crushing and destruction.In case of illness as a result of vital activity of mushroom, the nail plate is first crushed, with time, completely destroyed.
Features Damage to nails with different types ofychomicosis
Damage to nails with different types of fungal diseases has its characteristics.The main types of pathogenic are Trichophyton Rubrum (70 - 90%) and Trichophyton Mentagrofites V.Interdigital (8 - 30%).Candida albicans, mushroom mushrooms, T. MentagroFiti V.gypseum, T. Verrukosum, T. Tonsuras and T. Violaceum, Epidermophyton Floccosum, Trichophyton are much rarer.Schonleinii.
Onyhycomis on feet with rubrophythia
Ruborfit in the Russian Federation accounts for 70 to 90% of all mycoses.The feet in the disease are most often affected (usually a squamous dry guy).The necessary satellite of rublufiti foot is a bubica nail on their feet.With mycozu, distal-dilatable form of onynxomicosis is usually developed, the expressed hypercheralatosis is characterized, several fingers are influenced at once and often fingers on one hand.The disease is performed without special subjective sensations.Pastness and discomfort when carrying shoes occur with expressed hypercheratosis, onhichogriffosis and uroked nails.The source of infection is often in the patient's family.
Frequently connected onyhomicozes were recorded: Trichophyton Rubum and Candida Albimans, Trichophyton Rubrum and Molds.It is important to assess the cultural study.
Onyhycosis on your feet with t.Mentegraphic mushrooms.V.Interdigitalale
Mushrooms T. MentagroFiti.V.Interdigitalle affects skin and nail skin.Epidermophthosis makes 10 to 30% of all mycoses feet.
In addition to the disease, the upper (dorsal) part of the nail plate is affected.It usually develops a superficial white shape of ony micromicosis.The pathological process is mainly included in 1 and 5 toes (subject to the greatest trauma shoes during walking) and 1 and 4 inter-.The transfer of infection occurs when a shared bathroom is used, in the shower, sauna, pool, on beaches and swimming pools.
Onnikmicosis on feet with mushroom damage in the form of yeast of the genus Candida
This form of mycoze on your feet is a rarity.It makes less than 3% of all onnicmicosis.Often the disease is recorded in people with chronic generalized candidiasis.Damage to the nails, as a rule, begins with an inflammation of a periodic roller located near the holes.His edema and thickening are noticed, which leads to the separation of the cuticle from the surface of the plate.Furthermore, mushrooms are freely belong to the matrix and nail form (proximal pattern form), if a slot, irregularities and cracks appear on the nail, the loss of natural gloss and darkening appear, brown-brown.Gradually, the nail is destroyed, in severe cases disappear.
Onnikmicosis on the legs caused by molds
Plastic mushrooms were inhabited in already affected by nail - cracks, in spaces between the dumps of the nail or deserted vessel.The hypercheralatosis is then developed and slows down the destruction of nail slabs, which is painted during the disease in black (Scytalilium spp.) Or green or gray.
Diagnosis of ofychomicosis
Diagnosis of onanikmicosis is based on data from the epidemiological history, the clinical picture of the disease and the data of laboratory research.
The nature of the disease (fungi or other pathogen) was established in the microscopic examination of the material.The identification of the fungus was established by a microbiological examination (materials of material on nutrients) with a subsequent microscopy of pure culture.The process is strenuous, success is achieved in half of the cases.The correct collection of material affected nails is the key to successful microbiological studies.
Differential diagnosis
Only in half of the cases of patients with dermatologists with changes in the form and color of the nails make fungal diseases.Distinguish onychomicos from eczema, psoriasis, reiter syndrome, pachionichia, Daria diseases, flat lil, Norwegian donkeys, bacterial lesions.